International humanitarian law (IHL) is the body of international rules that applies during armed conflict. Its purpose is to limit unnecessary suffering, protect persons affected by war and regulate the conduct of hostilities.
PUBLIC LEGAL REFERENCE
Introduction to International Humanitarian Law
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IHL seeks to balance military necessity with humanitarian protection. It establishes rules that limit the methods of warfare and protect those who are not participating, or are no longer participating, in hostilities.
Modern IHL developed through humanitarian efforts to reduce suffering during armed conflicts. The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and later agreements created important legal protections for victims of war.
International humanitarian law applies during armed conflicts. It contains different rules depending on whether a conflict is international or non-international in character.
IHL protects civilians, wounded and sick persons, prisoners of war and others who are not directly participating in fighting.
IHL regulates weapons, tactics and methods of warfare by restricting actions that cause unnecessary suffering or fail to distinguish between military targets and protected persons.
International humanitarian law and international human rights law are separate legal frameworks but may apply together during situations involving armed conflict.
Students should understand that IHL applies during armed conflict, protects affected persons, limits methods of warfare and is based on principles of humanity, distinction and proportionality.
Students should understand the purpose of IHL, the protection of persons affected by armed conflict and the legal limits placed on methods of warfare.
International humanitarian law regulates conduct during armed conflict. Its purpose is to limit unnecessary suffering, protect persons who are not participating in hostilities and establish humanitarian standards during war.